Sunday, February 10, 2013

February 2013 Physician Licensure Exam Results


The Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) announces that 420 out of 863 passed the Physician (Complete) Licensure Examination given by the Board of Medicine in the cities of Manila and Cebu this February 2013.


The members of the Board of Medicine who gave the licensure examination are Dr. Edgardo T. Fernando, Chairman; Dr. Jose Y. Cueto, Jr., Dr. Restituto C. De Ocampo, Dr. Florentino C. Doble, Dr. Miguel L. Noche Jr. and Dr. Mildred N. Pareja, Members.

The results were released in three (3) working days from the last day of examination.

Registration for the issuance of Professional Identification Card (ID) and Certificate of Registration will be on Thursday, February 28, 2013 and March 1, 2013. Those who will register are required to bring the following: duly accomplished Oath Form or Panunumpa ng Propesyonal, current Community Tax Certificate (cedula), 2 pieces passport size picture (colored with white background and complete name tag), 1 piece 1” x 1” picture (colored with white background and complete name tag), 2 sets of metered documentary stamps and 1 short brown envelope with name and profession and to pay the Initial Registration Fee of P600 and Annual Registration Fee of P450 for 2013-2016. Successful examinees should personally register and sign in the Roster of Registered Professionals.

The date and venue for the oathtaking ceremony of the new successful examinees in the said examination WILL BE ANNOUNCED LATER.


View Here the TOP 10 February 2013 Physician Licensure Examination

Roll of Successful Examinees in the
PHYSICAL THERAPIST LICENSURE EXAMINATION
Held on Feb 10, 11, 17 & 18, 2013
Released on FEBRUARY 21, 2013

Seq. No. N a m e

1 ABAD, ANTONIO FRANCO MANUEL
2 ABADAM, EDELYN JOY MACADAAN
3 ABANILLA, KARL ANDREW CARTEL
4 ABCEDE, ROE CABEZUDO
5 ABDUA, OMAR NASEEF JAUJOHN
6 ABELLA, STEPHANIE ANNE BULANON
7 ABONADO, FLORENOR GENZOLA
8 ABOUT, ANA MARGARITA GUINACARAN
9 ABUALAS, ORISSA ARQUIZA
10 ABUTAZIL, RYAN JOSE ALFARO
11 ACEVEDO, MARY THERESE RADJAIL
12 AFALLA, ZYRA VELASCO
13 AFUANG, MARIA CYNTHIA BAUTISTA
14 AGBADA, ANNA REA SANTOS
15 AGUILAR, ANGELI CHRISTINE GONZALES
16 AGUILAR, RENZ ADONIS SANTOS
17 AGUILAR, RICHMOND CABACUNGAN
18 AJIJUL, NUR-HAMIR SUHAILI
19 AL ASSAL, TAHANI KARISMA FABIAN
20 ALBACETE, THOMAS LOUIE FORTEZA
21 ALCORIZA, NEIL JNART LANSANG
22 ALDABA, CHRISTINE VICTORIA CRUZ
23 ALMEDA, JAN ANTHONY PIMENTEL
24 ALPHA, ARWIN INDAL
25 ALUMPE, MAE ABLOG
26 ALVIOR, MELCHORITA MAQUILAN
27 ALZATE, AILEEN GUIANG
28 AMARAJA, JULIPAR TULAWIE
29 AMPATUAN, KAMAROL ZAMAN PANTOJA
30 ANDAL, MANFRED CERA
31 ANDOR, JULIUS MENDOZA
32 ANG, SHARON CASTILLON
33 ANG-ANGCO, RYAN PICO
34 ANGELES, MARIA CONTESSA CASIPIT
35 ANGELES, RUTHER CANONIGO
36 ANICETO, JUN II ECABEZA
37 ARANJUEZ, KATRINA ERIKA DE GUZMAN
38 ARANZA, ALBERT JOSEPH BALDOZ
39 ARAUJO, DEVOE SAZON
40 ARIAS, RANDELL SANTOS
41 ARTACHO, JAYNOR DELA CRUZ
42 ATANACIO, ABEGAIL NAROSE ORGETA
43 ATANACIO, ARLEX MICHAEL ORGETA
44 AVILA, RIVKE ANTIPORDA
45 AWANG, NATASHA LUKMAN
46 AYENTO, MA LUISA THERESE BOQUIREN
47 AYUYAO, FERNANDO AMADO JR JIMENEZ
48 AÑOSO, WILLMAR JAYVE MANATO
49 BABANO, WILMONT SUMALINOG
50 BACALTOS, ANTHONEE TAPIA

51 BALANON, GMELENIA VALENZUELA
52 BALCOBERO, LEILANI VILLACORTA
53 BALINGCONGAN-SEGOCIO, HANNAH GRACE ASI
54 BALISI, MICHAEL SABINO
55 BALITAAN, IVORY CLARISSA MASAJO
56 BALMORES, MA FARAH FERMILL
57 BALUYUT, CHRISTINE RONQUILLO
58 BANAAG, ARLENE DE JESUS
59 BANANIA, MARY JOY ANGELYN CRUZ
60 BANSIL, PAUL ANTHONY ESPIRITU
61 BANZUELA, FITZGER NEO
62 BANZUELA-REGINO, GIELAINE URRUTIA
63 BARADERO-ALFONSO, LIEZEL BARADERO
64 BARROA, PAOLO JOSEPH BARRIOS
65 BARSAGA, CHRISTIAN NEIL PECSON
66 BATACLAN, IMELDA JAVIER
67 BATAN, LORMIE RAFUL
68 BATUIGAS, GABBY RAMBUYONG
69 BAUTISTA, BEVERLY ELIZABETH BUSCAINO
70 BAUTISTA, JANRIE INSAURIGA
71 BAYLOSIS, PAUL ANTHONY INCIONG
72 BEATO, SHELLA BELINO
73 BELLEZA, RODERICK MARTINEZ
74 BELLO, MARY HYACINTH AVELINO
75 BILLEDO, JESS'E DIANNE HERNANDEZ
76 BLANES, MARK BENEDICT SECHONG
77 BOGNOT, RONA RONQUILLO
78 BONGCAWIL, ROXANNE YEN CACAYORIN
79 BONGON, MARIA LOURDES CALDITO
80 BROCALES, CHRISTINA CLAIRE ADUPE
81 BRUNIO, CHRISTIAN ALLAN DARUM
82 BULANDOS, ALEXANDREA CASTILLO
83 BULLECER, SCHENLY MARIE INDEMNE
84 BULONG, SHELLIE ANNE SAPLA
85 BUSTAMANTE, CZAM FAITH GRANIL
86 BUTRON, ELAINE DAWN CINCO
87 CABATINGAN, WARLITO JR ODEVER
88 CABBUAG, MARIA ELIZABETH ANCHETA
89 CALABIA, VANESSA MARIE VIOLAGO
90 CAPANAS, MARGARET EUNICE SANDIL
91 CAPATE, FRANCIS KIM GALIT
92 CAPUYAN, LOVI DELA CRUZ
93 CARILO, BIANCA CRISELDA MELENDRES
94 CARREON, AILEEN SABINO
95 CASADOR, MANUEL JR RESTOR
96 CASIMIRO, JENNIFER SANTOS
97 CASIN, ELAINE GONZALES
98 CASTELO, LYRYX DAHUNAN
99 CASTILLO, CRISTINA ROXANNE MORALES
100 CASTILLO, GEORGINE MAIA SORIANO

101 CASTILLO, MARICEL JOSE
102 CASTRO, ANN LITAN
103 CATUNGAL, MARICRIS DE LEON
104 CAUSIN, STEPHANIE DE LOS SANTOS
105 CEBRIAN, MARIFE SABADO
106 CHAN, ROUELLA MAPA
107 CHAVEZ, FAYE JANICE LIM
108 CHEU, DAVID GEORGE RIGONAN
109 CHUA, SHARAE DAWN MYTYL SIA
110 CIPRIANO, KRISTIAN ERIC MACAVINTA
111 CLEOFE, MYANNE CASTELO
112 CO, KRISTINA ANNE BALCE
113 COGAY, RHASHELL OPERARIO
114 COO, PATRICIA ELAINE KING LI
115 CORPUZ, JHYZEL SOLIMAN
116 COTACO, MARICAR ORQUIOLA
117 CRUZ, FRANCES NOELLE TORRES
118 CRUZ, SUNSHINE GERVASIO
119 CUEVAS, ERNESTINE GLO MARIE CABELLO
120 CULLANTES, AGNES LAGURIN
121 DACANAY, DITAS OROPILLA
122 DADURAL, IRAD JOSEPH FARINAS
123 DAROY, GIAN CARLO TAGUMPAY
124 DE CLARO, CHARISSE CECILIA HUERTO
125 DE GUZMAN, JEFFREY GONZALES
126 DE GUZMAN, MYLA LITAN
127 DE GUZMAN, RUBY ANN ISRAITA
128 DE LOS REYES, FRANCIA VICTORIA ABARCAR
129 DE VERA, ABIGAIL JANIS FINEZA
130 DELOS REYES, EDUARD FRANK DUMAGPI
131 DELOS REYES, JOSEPHINE MANGAHAS
132 DETERALA, SHERYL MESTIOLA
133 DIAZ-PLAZA, PAMELA JANE DOCENA
134 DIMAANO, DEXTER AYOSO
135 DIN, MARIAN BERNADETTE MANANSALA
136 DIÑO, DIMPNA CECILIA ZARATE
137 DOMINGO, ELEAZAR DE VERA
138 DORADO, CHARISSE OTERO
139 DORAO, LIZAH BARROZO
140 DORIA, CYRIL FERNANDEZ
141 DORIE, MARWAN ANNUAR
142 DUGUIANG, CLAIREEN SAGASAG
143 DULIG, ARGENT AEBI DEL PRADO
144 DUMAOAL, MESSEAH MARTIN
145 DUNCIL, AUDREY JACOB
146 DUQUE, JOEL TOLENTINO
147 ENCISO, JAY KARL JUAREZ
148 ESPADA, IMEE MARIE MONTERO
149 ESPERAS, GRACE ANNE MANUEL
150 ESTAÑERO, KALVIN OJALES

151 ESTROSO, MAYBELLINE ROSALES
152 ESTURCO, ABDUL JAVAR DURAN
153 EÑANO, ANN GRACE TOROY
154 FAJARDO, REVIE ANNE CONCEPCION
155 FANCUBILA, JOHN ROLAND MANIPOL
156 FELICILDA, MAYBELLE SINDO
157 FERRER, REIELISA REAÑO
158 FLORENDO, ADELLE EVANGELISTA
159 FLORENDO, GERARD BENEDICT ARENAS
160 FLORES, JAN-ANDREI FERRER
161 FORMALES, JESTER-LEW ALBA
162 FRANCISCO, MICHELLE JAY GONZALES
163 FRIAS, WILNOR VILLENA
164 FUGUIAO, ROGELIO JR ACORDA
165 GAERLAN, LOURDES KATRINA CRUZ
166 GALLEGUEZ, CAMILLE JOANNE DELA CRUZ
167 GANIR, MAY JENINE AGODON
168 GAYOMALI, MENELEO ROY VILLARUEL
169 GELERA, MARISOL ABRENICA
170 GENELSA, RAINIEL SANTOS
171 GENER, ANNE PAULINE TAPIA
172 GONZALES, ALEXANDER II LANZUELA
173 GRIÑO, MALLIE SEGURA
174 GUALBERTO, STEPHANIE ARCEÑO
175 GUERRERO, HAMIL ROMULO BANCAYRIN
176 GUINTO, RAMON LORENZO LUIS ROSA
177 HADAP, BELARDO JR GARALDE
178 HARAIN, SHAHRADEE AZZA WATA
179 HAYAG, NEILL ELVIN DELA CUESTA
180 HECHANOVA, JUPHREM BUENCUCHILLO
181 HEIDARI, MARJAN ORATA
182 HERMIDA, STENLEY YOUNG
183 HERNAEZ, MARIA FE GUCE
184 HOLGANZA, ARRISHA ABAPO
185 HONRADO, HERMILYN LAÑADA
186 IGLORIA, JOCIE JEAN HUBAHIB
187 IGNACIO, ROMALE NIÑO ROLLUQUI
188 INTING, SHANGRILA CAÑA
189 ISMAEL, ALHAZER SIRAJI
190 ITURRALDE, HAROLD PABILLAR
191 JARABE, EVEJAI PALER
192 JAVIER, JUDI ANNE SAQUING
193 JAYAWON, JABBEL YORONG
194 JIMENEZ, MICHAELANE QUE
195 JORDAN, VICTORIA CORAZON LIMPAG
196 JOSOL, SHERWIN VELASCO
197 JOSON, ARA CRISSELE MALLARI
198 JOSON, MARLON JOHN TEJADA
199 JULIANO, MA MERLIANNE FABIAN
200 JUMAWAN, DARLENE ANNE NOTARIO

201 KAMPITAN, VINCI ANN BAQUIRAN
202 KIAT, JOSEPH PAOLO GUILLERMO
203 KOTAKE, RINA OLAN
204 KULANI, FAIZAR AKKOH
205 KWAN, JENNIFER CHU
206 LABRADOR, ABBETH GAMBOA
207 LABRADOR, FAYE CATHERINA ORDANZA
208 LABRADOR, PRINCESS ESTARES
209 LACADEN, SHERWIN JOSEPH RAMOS
210 LALAS, ROCHELLE ANNE IDOS
211 LAO, ARJAY ALEJANDRO
212 LARGOZA, JONABETH RENDON
213 LARON, ELOISE ANNE ORENCIA
214 LAVILLA, MICHAEL JEROME BUENA
215 LAXA, FATIMA RAMOS
216 LEDESMA, RIGEL MARQUEZ
217 LEE, SHERYL DUMILAG
218 LEMENCE, JO ANNE VILLAFLOR
219 LIBERA, CELIA CATIBOG
220 LIM, ANNA SOPHIA RODRIGUEZ
221 LIM, DEANNE MARGARET SUMANG
222 LIMJUICO, JOSE ELVIN RIVERA
223 LIQUETE, MA MICHAELA ROSETTE ROSETE
224 LLAGAS, SHIELDEE BERNARDO
225 LODROÑO, IVAN TRINIDAD
226 LOGATOC, MARK MAYORES
227 LOPEZ, DEVIE LONIE LAHAYLAHAY
228 LOPEZ, ROBE ANN VELASCO
229 LOPEZ, VICHERYL MAQUILING
230 LOPO, CANE GUTIERREZ
231 LORENZO, MARK LESTHER CRUZ
232 LU, MARIA CARLA SANDOVAL
233 LUCAS, ROSS RALPH TAM
234 LUISTRO, JITRO AGUILAR
235 LUNETA, KATHLEEN ANNE PAGUIO
236 LUNGAY, HAIDEE FRANCES YAP
237 MABANG, JEHANN AIZAH CADI
238 MACAPINLAC, RONALD MORALES
239 MACARAIG, LITO JAY PANGAN
240 MADLA, MA MERCEDITA GERZON
241 MALIZON, VICTORIA TOLENTINO
242 MALLARE, REAH MAMARIL
243 MANALO-OCAMPO, CONSTANTINA DIZON
244 MANDAL, NAEL-IZA VARONA
245 MANGADLAO, JANICE DACULA
246 MARAH, DENDRAZIER KARIL
247 MARATAS-HILARIO, MARILYN ARIENZA
248 MARAVILLAS, SUNNDY PEARCE SUMALANGKAY
249 MARIANO, EVANELLE GABUTERO
250 MAROHOM, NIÑO ENRICO DENOPOL

251 MARQUEZ, MARY GRACE AGENA
252 MARTINEZ, MICHAEL DEL MUNDO
253 MASAKAYAN, MARIE ROCHELLE JAURIGUE
254 MATEO, JOHN ERICKSON PAGALING
255 MATIAS, MARK GIL BAETIONG
256 MATURAN, FAYE CLARICE MALLARI
257 MELENDRES, RALPH ERVIN CABANAS
258 MENDOZA, EVANNETTE OSTIA
259 MENDOZA, JOHN JAMES MAYO
260 MENDOZA, JOSIEPHINE CRUZ
261 MERCADO, MARK VINCENT RINGOR
262 MILITANTE, JOSE RENE III TAPALES
263 MINDANAO, MALVIN ACE DIMAANO
264 MIRABALLES-LACHICA, MYRA NIEVA
265 MIRALLES, ALFRED JOSEP
266 MIRAÑA, FRITZIE PEÑAFLOR
267 MODESTO, VAN CORTEZ
268 MOJICA, GAZELLE DIONNE PANGILINAN
269 MOLANO, EMMANUEL POSADAS
270 MONARCA, ALFEBEY LOZADA
271 MONTE, MELLO DEE PADOJINOG
272 MONTECLAR, EDDIE "LEX" JR TIU
273 MONTEMAYOR, FELSIE SORIANO
274 MORES, HONELY QUERUBIN
275 MUKARAM, SHERHALYN ADDALINO
276 MULA, BETHLEHEM CARDOZO
277 MURGA, BRENDA JIM TAN
278 MUTYA, JANSENN VILLAMOR
279 NANGIT, MICHELLE MAGPAYO
280 NAVAL, MARIA ANGELA MARGES
281 NAVIGAR, APRIL LYNDY GRACE PRADO
282 NERI, MARIA CARMEN MORENO
283 NIÑO, MARY ANGELI MENDEZ
284 NOTADO, GRECHEL BALANLAYOS
285 OCAMPO, MILLIECENT GRACE LAGUNILLA
286 OLAC, MARY JEZETTE SAMPANE
287 OLFATO, ALEX GIAN II BAUTISTA
288 OLIVA, MARIA ELENA JOCO
289 OLIVA, REA VISTA
290 ONG, MATTHEW STEVENSON LIM
291 ORDOÑEZ, ELENA FLORES
292 PABLO, CELESTINE DOMINGO
293 PACLEB, EDWIN DARWIN TERRADO
294 PADOLINA, DIANNA JEAN ZAPATA
295 PAEZ, WAYNE VENIDA
296 PAGATPAT, RAQUEL GERMANO
297 PAJANTOY, AL EISEN JEZREEL ADLAON
298 PALAGANAS, MARIA ANGELICA ISON
299 PALERMO, JOANNA RUTH ROSAROSO
300 PALISOC, MARIE LOREN CHIONG

301 PANAMBULAN, SALMERAH GURO
302 PANGAN, CHICCO XERXES DE LEON
303 PANGANIBAN, JONAS OCAMPO
304 PAUDAC, EHSAN DIMAPORO
305 PELAGIO, JOAN SUICO
306 PENEYRA, KARLA PATRICIA MEDINA
307 PERANO, JENA ANGELA TANDUYAN
308 PEREZ, JOSE MARIA JR LIM
309 PEREZ, KATHRIN ANN FATIMA HEMEDEZ
310 PEREZ, MARIA LOURDES PUNONGBAYAN
311 PINEDA, CELINA GALANG
312 PONCIANO, RANDOLF COLARINA
313 PRESAS, RHODERICK CABELLO
314 PRIETO, ANGELO TRISTAN DABALUS
315 PUNO, SOLITA MAY DE GUZMAN
316 QIU, AUGUSTINE ER-YANG LOZANO
317 QUE, SCYLLA KNEISEL CARILLO
318 QUERUBIN, GENEVIEVE ANNE RADOVAN
319 QUINIO, LYZL ANNE SEBALLOS
320 QUINTE, KIMBERLY CLAIRE CUMBA
321 QUITEVIS, RODELA NENITA PATING
322 QUIÑONES, SHENALENE BAUTISTA
323 RAMOS, KATHLEEN JOYCE LUDOVICO
324 RAMOS, KRISTINE KACY GARCIA
325 RAMOS, SHIELA MONCE
326 RARA, MILDRITZ BALDOVI
327 RAZ, HAZEL KAREN NOVIDO
328 REBANA, MARISOL BAYUGING
329 REBUELTA, ANNE PAULYN ZUBIAGA
330 REGULLANO, JEZEL PATAGOC
331 REMO, JOY CHRISTINE MENDOZA
332 REY, BO JEAN ALAMARES
333 REYES, CHERRY LIBERTY VALIENTE
334 REYES, MICHELLE CRUZ
335 REYNOSO, ARCH ANTHONY ELI
336 RICAFORT, ROSE MARY YAMO
337 RIVERA, JEANNE ANNE ABUAN
338 RIVERA, KATHLEEN ASANIAS
339 RIVERA, LAILA MARIE CASAS
340 ROBIEGO, BRYAN VICTOR GARBAN
341 RODELAS, ARIEL JOSE
342 ROLDAN, MONTANA DELA CRUZ
343 ROQUE, MARIA EILEEN MENDOZA
344 RUIZ, MAUREEN SAGUTIN
345 SALAS, NILBE MORENO
346 SALAZAR, OLIVER XAVIER AGUSTINES
347 SALVADOR, RONNIE ROSARIO
348 SAMONTE, HENRY RAY ENCARNACION
349 SAN PEDRO, JOSEPH ABAYARI
350 SANCIANCO, BERNADETTE PABILONA
351 SANTOS, ANNE GRETCHEN ONG
352 SANTOS, CHARLES WILLIAM RONIDEL
353 SANTOS, JAN PAOLO ISAIS
354 SANTOS, ROCHIELLE MILLAN CRUZ
355 SANTOS, SHANDI REI SALONGA
356 SAPO, DENVER FRANCISCO
357 SARAHADIL, ALI YAHIA
358 SARMIENTO, APRIL BAGO
359 SARNE, RIZA ILAGAN
360 SASTRE, ROSIELYN PUTIS
361 SECRETO, GIRLIE DEL AYRE
362 SEGUERRA, JORDAN RAYMUND MOSQUERA
363 SILANGCRUZ, JAY MARVIN PUNONGBAYAN
364 SINDA, MENDELL RAY TIRAMBULO
365 SINLAO, ANNABELLE MORALINA
366 SISON, SHELAINE PAMALISON
367 SIY, JENNIFER ESCANDOR
368 SO, MARIE ANGELIE FERNANDEZ
369 SORIANO, JANICE ESPALARGA
370 SORRA, HECTOR FELICIANO
371 SUCALDITO, JAYBERT SUARNABA
372 SUEÑA, MAMERTO JR MAGANITO
373 SUMALAPAO, DERICK ERL PERIDA
374 SUPERTICIOSO, ANGELA OCTAVIANO
375 SUSARNO, ERWIN YAP
376 SY, RUBY JEAN SORIANO
377 TABIOLO, SUZETTE ISTURIS
378 TABLANTE, MA ROSARIO VICTORIA CASTOR
379 TAMAYO, EILEEN LUHV CALISURA
380 TAMAYO, PETER LOUIE REYES
381 TAMBUNTING, NIÑA ARCA
382 TAMMANG, AZENITH LIMPALAN
383 TAMPUS, FREDERICK PABILLO
384 TAMPUS, KESHIA YVONNE ALO
385 TAN, IVAN BURKE MIRANDA
386 TAN, PATRICIA JANE LEE
387 TAPALES, CHRISTINE JOY CARRILLO
388 TECSON, CLAIRE CABRERA
389 TECSON, MARIEGLENN LUCAS
390 TEJADA, IAN MICHAEL BALISTA
391 TEMPLONUEVO, CHARMAINE SIÑEL
392 TEO, ELAINE MICHELLE ROMERO
393 TERRAZOLA, CHRISTIAN DELOS REYES
394 TIMPLE, RAYNALDO CAMERO
395 TOLBE, KAREN APPLE JANE SOLOMON
396 TOLEDO, CLARK LOJA
397 TORRES, ARIEL LACDAO
398 TROMPETA, ROBESOL MAYANDIA
399 TUMALIUAN, GENE AFZELIA CABILDO
400 TUVIDA, MERLYN MAY MATULAC

401 UY, PAMELA ANN MOSCOSO
402 VALENCIA, JEFFREY MATUBIS
403 VALERIO, CRYSTAL MAY DELA CRUZ
404 VALEROS, MARICHELLE HALUAG
405 VASQUEZ, FELIZ PAMELA POBLETE
406 VENTIC, VEHEMENT JAY GUICO
407 VIAGEDOR, JERPON PEDRANO
408 VIAJAR, DOMINIC VALERIUS RAMOS
409 VILLANUEVA, JENNIFER NACIONAL
410 VILLARIN, NADINE ZULUETA
411 VILLARUEL, SALVIE MAE GRACHICO
412 WOOLBRIGHT, MARY KAREN VENDIOLA
413 YABRES, JOANNE MARIFE BACATE
414 YAGO, GENEVIEVE FACISTOL
415 YALUNG, CARLOMAGNO GOZUN
416 YAP, MARGAUX NIELO
417 YAP, MIDORI KRISTINE ESPLAGO
418 YASUHARA, AIBI CAMPANA
419 ZASPA, MAYNE GERVACIO
420 ZERRUDO, JUGIE YOGYOG
NOTHING FOLLOWS----------------------